Leakage of private information websites popular is common, new study finds

ScienceDaily (June 2, 2011) research of more than 100 popular Web sites used by tens of millions of people find three districts directly to leak information or unique identifiers for users and third-party sites. The study, the parser by Craig wills, a Professor of computer science at Worcester Federal Institute (WPI), demonstrated how handles leak private information by many sites, including e-mail, physical address, even a user's Web browser-the browser fingerprint "--could allow tracking sites to link to many different pieces of information, including the browsing histories included tracking cookies and the content of the site and take health searchesTo create a detailed profile of the people.

The study, presented last week at the Web 2.0 security and privacy in Auckland, Calif., summed up the efforts made so far to stop this leak of personal information from online Web sites, social networking packages including suggestions made in the report, the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) 2010 protect consumer privacy, that the largely ineffective in preventing leakage is detected and connectivity. They claimed that websites should take more responsibility for privacy protection.

"Despite some suggestions wills and reports upon by researchers, government agencies, and private firms, the issue of privacy has worsened significantly," he said. "With the growing disconnect between existing privacy safeguards, suggested a growing discussion, worries more and more personal information from all Web sites, we believe that the time beyond the clearly what is the battle with third-party aggregators, and what roles first-party sites, you can play in protecting the privacy of their users."

The researchers, who brought in the past that the leak of personal information from many popular social networks, decided to investigate the handling of private information by standard Web sites, in an area where there were mainly vshashorsh, Wales. They encourage users to sites focused on, since users often share personal information, including their names, personal, physical address, an e-mail during the registration process. They also examined health popular tourist attractions, since users conduct searches these sites, point to problems with their health or expose their travel programs.

They found that the leaked information through multiple routes to a third party to track users ' browsing behavior for advertisers. In some cases, the information was passed to the purposely third-party sites. In other cases, it was included, intentionally or accidentally, as part of an ongoing exchange of information with those sites. According to the leakage occurred when people were creating, viewing, editing, or register their accounts, or when navigating Web sites. They are also sensitive search terms (such as pancreatic cancer) have been leaked by the health and for sites to be leaked by sites.

The researchers examined the types of information to be leaked by websites and rate them according to their sensitivity and the ability to identify users. The user name, phone number or email address, and the highest rated on identifiability, for example, when planning tours and information of the highest rated on a scale sensitivity. While most of the information leaked rated low in both scales, the authors said it did not necessarily suggest that users should not be concerned about the privacy leaks from Web sites.

They noted that third-party sites that are tracking a wide variety of popular information from Web sites that can be used to connect various pieces of the leaked information and link them to the identity of the individual user. These include the ID of the user that assigns user Web site (leaked by about half of the sites studied), unique identifiers, such as email addresses, or home address, and the fingerprint browser browser-information about how to set up individual, including the list of installed extensions, leaked the authors found a number of sites.

The study evaluated a variety of actions, Web users can take to prevent their information from being leaked, including blocking the setting of cookies and the use of the advertising block or unblock the utility built into the latest version of some of the most common browsers. They found all of these techniques to miss certain types of leak; Vhosmi advertising, for example, reliably not block third-party sites through the so-called hidden, even impair the usability of Web sites.

They also show the proposals contained in the report of December 2010 release online privacy by the FTC. "The report supports the privacy by design initiative, seeks to embed privacy in the design stage, proactive, defaults to private users and information about Sun access to sensitive data concerning the user is stored in the bcobri," research notes. But even these suggestions fail to provide safeguards against discussion user information by third-party sites or the hidden leak to third parties, and they do not include authentication methods, a third-party sites or penalizing those sound guidelines do not provide.

"As a key report to the FTC, he is ignoring the responsibility of saving their users privacy," said Wales. "These sites have a role in the custody of protecting users leak of sensitive information or identify them. Third-party sites have a strong financial incentive to continue to collect and aggregate user information, so relying on them to protect the privacy of the user continues to be a battle. It's time to put the focus on what you can do a first-party sites. "

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Single-Atom quantum information stores

ScienceDaily (May 2, 2011) memory data could hardly be less than: researchers working with Gerhard Rempe at the Max Planck Institute of quantum optics in Garching has stored quantum information in a single atom. Scholars wrote the quantum state of a single photons, that is, the light particles into atomic rubidium, vrshm it again after a particular volume. This technique can be used in principle to design a powerful domain and to communicate them quantum with one another across large distances.

Quantum computers one day be able to cope with the computational tasks within a short time in which the current domain will take years. They would take the enormous computing power of their ability to simultaneously process diverse data items that are stored in the microscopic quantum physical systems, such as a single opaque vpotonim. In order to be able to run, you must replace these quantum computers are pieces of information between the various components. Photons are especially suitable to do this, as no matter what needs to be transported with them. Particulate matter however will be used for processing and storing information. Researchers are looking for and methods by which you can exchange information between photons and quantum. However already performed with ensembles of many thousands of atoms, physicists at the Max Planck Institute of quantum optics in Garching now proven that quantum information also can be controlled from a single photons to atoms.

Using a single atom that storage unit has several advantages: minimizes the extremists have only one, says Holger Specht mmboss-Garching Max-Max, which was involved in the experiment. You can process the information stored by direct manipulation baatom, which is important for performing logical operations, quantum computer. "In addition, it offers the opportunity to see if quantum information stored in the bapoton successfully written into the atom without destroying the quantum state," says Specht. Possible, make sure that you have to go early in the process of computing due to storage.

The fact that no one could very recently on quantum information exchanged between photons and atoms single was that interaction between the light particles and atoms very weak. Atom, the photon will not take notice of it, as it were, like two people barely speak to each other party, so replace only a little bit of information. Researchers in Garching have enhanced interaction with rotation. They assume the Atomic rubidium between optical resonator mirrors, and then use very weak laser pulses to introduce single photons into the cavity. Reflected photons in the cavity mirrors several times back and forth, which improved the interaction between photons and atom. Figuratively speaking, guests of the party and meet more often and increases the chance that they are talking to each other.

Photons carried quantum information in the form of polarization. This can be left (direction of rotation of the electric field is counterclockwise) or right (clockwise). Quantum state of the photon polarizations can be both at the same time as the superposition. Interact with the photon the atom rubidium is usually excited and then loses again the excitement of more probabilistic photon emission. Garching-based investigators did not want it to happen. On the contrary, the absorption of photon the atom could bring into the quantum state RB, steadily. The researchers at this with a laser beam, laser Control Panel, where they are directed to RB atom at a time when you interact with the photon.

Because the spin of the atom mabotiam contributes to stable quantum state generated by vapoton laser control. Spin gives the Atomic magnetic moment. Quantum state, the researchers use to store, and is determined by the orientation of the magnetic moment. The country is characterized by the fact that it reflects the State of polarization of a photon of the orientation: refers to the direction of the magnetic moment of the photon polarization cycle, a mixture of the two sides chshocmt being stored by the appropriate mixture of magnetic moments.

This is referred to as the reverse process: the Atomic rubidium with laser control panel again causes it to emit the photon re-which was the source of the event. The vast majority of cases, information Quantum Photon-out screens with information stored in the source, as physicists discovered in Garching. Quantity that describes this relationship, trust, was more than 90 percent. This is significantly higher than the 67 percent to fidelity can be reached with classical methods, that is not based on quantum effects. The method was developed in Garching is therefore a real quantum memory.

The physicists to measure the time storage, that is, the time quantum information may be retained, as RB-about 180 microseconds. "This is a parallel with times all quantum memories based on previous ensembles of atoms," says Stefan Ritter, a more involved in the experiment. Nevertheless, time is significantly more is required for the method used quantum quantum computer or network. There is also another quality characteristic of quantum memory in a single atom that can improve from Garching: efficiency. This is a measure of the number of photons are irradiated are stored, and then read again. It was just under 10 percent.

Storage time is mainly limited by the magnetic field fluctuations from the lab, said Ritter. "This is so you can zoom in by quantum information storage, quantum States of the atoms that they are sensitive to magnetic fields." effectiveness is limited by the fact that the atom to sit still in the center of the cavity, but passes. This causes the strength of the interaction between the atom photon to decrease. The researchers also helping improve the efficiency and effectiveness: by large cooling of the atom, that is, by its kinetic energy to another.

Researchers at the Max Planck Garching and now you want to work on these two improvements. "If this operation succeeds, the chances of a single Atom quantum memory is excellent," says Stefan Ritter. The interface between individual light atoms allow more quantum computer network atoms with this than be possible without such interface; The fact that such a machine to make stronger. Moreover, quantum mechanical photons will be possible across large distances and entangle atoms. Quantum entanglement is a type of mechanical link between the particles needed to transmit quantum information over large distances. It is currently in development at the Max Planck Institute of quantum optics, making that a critical element of the future "quantum Internet."

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The above story is published (with writers adaptations by a teamdaily science) materials provided by Max-Planck-Gesellschaft.

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A journal:

1. Holger p. Specht, Christian Nölleke, Andreas Reiserer Uphoff, Eden, Manuel Figueroa, Stefan Ritter, Gerhard Rempe. Single-Atom quantum memory. Nature, 2011; DOI: 10.1038/nature09997

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A new publication from the Federal information security risk management

ScienceDaily (2 March 2011) , the National Institute of standards and technology (NIST) published the final version of special publication that can help organizations to more effectively integrate information security planning and goals of their mission-critical functions.

Enterprise: security information management, mission, and system information (NIST Special Publication 800-39) provides the basics of a three-tiered, risk-management approach changes fundamentally how we manage information security risk to the federal level, "says Ron Ross, a NIST and the main authors of the publication.

For decades, organizations have to manage risk at the level of the information system, which resulted in a very narrow perspective that constrain risk-based decisions by senior management, explains Ross. SP 800-39 calls for a holistic approach to determine what senior leaders need to be protected is based on the core tasks of the Organization, and business functions. For example, administrators of power distribution network is related to the need to ensure the security of your computer keeps hackers interfering with the plant's power generation or to get into the power grid to bring disaster.

The publication is the fourth in a series of risks and manage information security guidelines developed by the joint task force transformation initiative, a joint partnership between the Department of Defense, intelligence community, Committee on national security systems, NIST.

A risk management approach to the multi-tiered described SP 800-39 organization progress for information systems. The goal is to ensure that the strategic considerations and decisions with respect to drive investment in operational risk management organizational operations (including mission, functions, image, and reputation), organizational assets, individuals, other organizations (collaborative or partnering with federal agencies and contractors), the nation.

This type of risk-based decisions, is critical as organizations advanced persistent threats of sophisticated cyber attacks that may harm or weakened the support information systems in the Federal Government's critical applications.

"SP 800-39 is engaged in building a more secure information systems ultimately will allow senior leaders, and administrators better understand the mission, the risk to their business brought by organizations to increasingly use information technology and connectivity, dependency ???"???? Ross.

SP 800-39, security information management: Organization, mission and display of information system, developed in support of federal information security management Act (FISMA). Can be downloaded from http://csrc.nist.gov/publications/nistpubs/800-39/SP800-39-final.pdf.

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